Signs of Woolf's Early Feminism

            Early in her writing career, when she was reviewing books for the Times Literary Supplement, Cornhill Magazine, and the Anglo-Catholic newspaper the Guardian, Woolf chose to review books about strong and smart women, and perhaps especially if they are somewhat obscured by their positions—she has a long piece on “The Sister of Frederic the Great,” and “The American Woman” is another example. Charlotte Bury, lady-in-waiting to George IV’s Queen Caroline, interests her as a woman of taste and brains who is forced to make a living by serving a woman who, at her worst, made Bury feel she was humoring a madwoman. Sometimes the woman may not be especially smart or resourceful, but merely boxed in by circumstance: Woolf chose to review a book about Louise de La Vallière, for example, at some length. “The Journal of Lady Elizabeth Holland” is another subject of interest—Lady Holland divorced or was divorced by Sir Godfrey Webster and married Lord Holland. She was another remarkable woman who made the best of circumstances, courageously. The memorable moment here is Lady Holland at one of her evening gatherings rapping her fan and telling Macaulay “we’ve had enough of this; move on to something else.” She reviews the love letters of Thomas Carlyle and Jane Welsh and a biography of Elizabeth Carter, one of the “Bas Bleu” society, a prodigy of learning who loved to “sleep soundly and loved exercise.” Carter published a translation of Epictetus in 1758, which made her money and introduced her to the Blues. Woolf clearly is impressed with Carter’s command of Greek and thinks it’s a determining feature in being taken seriously as an intellectual. In her “Impressions” of her father she says she read some Greek with him, and she comes back to this topic later in her essay on not knowing Greek. But she did know Greek.

Most notably, Woolf reviewed the letters of Queen Elizabeth written before her accession to the throne.  Elizabeth was a scholar of languages, with great native intelligence but also someone who trained herself, during times of imprisonment and great personal danger, to exercise the strictest of self-control and to say exactly what she meant, even when that was not always the whole truth or perhaps even near it. 

At this time Woolf was working on her first novel, with the working title Melymbrosia; it was eventually published as The Voyage Out in 1915.